Oral Cancer and HPV Connection: A Review

HPV is the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers and a few oral cavity cancers with increasing mortality across the globe. The risk factors for oral cancer are well known. Factors like tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol consumption and actinic radiation have been extensively studied and clinically validated. However , Recently HPV has been shown to be a significant risk factor for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV family contains around 200 strains but it is important to note that only nine out of them are high risk and associated with cancers. Amongst them HPV16 is most strongly related with oral cancer. HPV associated cancers are different from cancers originating from other etiologies and thus , require a novel multidisciplinary treatment approach. The article is a review of Molecular Biology , Risk Factors ,Clinical aspects ,Diagnosis ,and Treatment of HPV associated Oral cancer

Succinimide Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(II) & Hg(II)

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An Improved MAC Protocol to Reduce Packet Loss and Energy Wastage in Ad-Hoc Networks

An Ad-Hoc network is a wireless, decentralized, dynamic network in which devices associate with each other in their link range, in which the basic 802.11 MAC protocol uses the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) to share the media between various devices. But use of 802.11 MAC protocol in Ad-Hoc networks affected by different issues such as restricted power capacity, packet loss because of transmission error, various control traffic and failure to avoid packet collision. To solve these problems various protocols have been proposed. But we don’t have any perfect protocol which can resolve the issues related to power management, packet collision and packet loss efficiently. In this research paper, we suggest a new protocol to adjust the upper & lower bounds for the contention window to decrease the number of collisions. As well as it proposes a power control scheme, triggered by the MAC layer to reduce the packet loss, energy wastage and decrease the number of collisions during transmission. The proposed MAC protocol is implemented and performance is compared with existing 802.11 MAC protocol. We computed the Packet Delivery Fraction(PDF), average End-to-End(e-e) delay, average throughput and packet loss in several conditions. We find proposed protocol is comparatively improved than the existing protocol

Motivation to Work of Teacher Educators at Elementary Level of Teacher Education Institution

Motivation to work denotes the directs aptitude and persistence of an individual’s behaviour in understanding the task. The objective of the study was to compare teachers’ motivation to work in the elementary level teacher education institutions due to the categorical variables like gender (male and female), teaching experience (more than 5 years teaching experience & less than 5 years teaching experience), type of management (Government and Self-financed) and locale (urban & rural). Descriptive survey method has been adopted in the present study. A sample of 100 teacher educators were randomly selected of which 50 teachers were from Government and 50 teachers were from self-financed institutions. The major variable is motivation to work and categorical variables are gender, teaching experience, types of management and locale. The finding revealed that there is no significant difference in motivation to work of teacher educators in relation to gender variation but significant difference in relation to teaching experience, type of management and locale variations

The Prevalence of Root Fractures among Patients Visiting a Specialised Tertiary Care Dental Care Clinic

INTRODUCTION: Following endodontic therapy, the development of root fracture(s) is considered to be a risk factor. It can be diagnosed accurately with the help of various radiographic aids.AIM: To assess the prevalence of horizontal and vertical root fractures among endodontically treated teeth among patients visiting a specialised tertiary care dental care clinic.METHODOLOGY: Patients suspected of having root fracture (due to endodontic treatment or non-endodontic treatment) were confirmed with the help of radiographic aids (IOPAR, OPG and occlusal radiographs). Root fractures due to endodontic treatment were then classified as horizontal and vertical root factures and analysed using the student’s t-test, ANOVA and odd’s ratio (OR). Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0RESULTS: The study population comprised of 383 subjects. Males (207, 54%) formed a majority of the study population. Majority of fractures were seen in females [(162, 58.5%), endodontically treated teeth], while a slightly increased prevalence was seen among males (92, 86.8%) in non-endodontically treated teeth. A total of 277(72.3%) teeth were endodontically treated [155(55.9%) horizontal and 122(44.1%) vertical fracture], while 106(27.7%) were 155 non-endodontically treated teeth [63(59.4%) horizontal and 43(40.6%) vertical fracture]. A significance difference between horizontal and vertical root fractures [p=.005(t-test), p=.0025(ANOVA)] was seen. Odd’s ratio analysis revealed that horizontal fractures (OR=2.2) were more prone to develop as compared to vertical fractures.CONCLUSION: Owing to the fact that endodontically treated teeth are more brittle as compared to non-endodontically treated teeth, it is advised that the dental clinician should closely routinely follow- up endodontically treated teeth for signs of root fracture and confirm with a radiographical aid when such fractures are suspected

A clinical study in the management of Garbhini Mutrakricchra with Shatavari Ksheerapaka w.s.r. to UTI in Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy is the state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body. Profound biochemical, anatomical and physiological changes occur during the course of pregnancy. Urinary tract infections are the second most common infections worldwide. Pregnant women have 4 times higher rate of developing UTI as compared to non-pregnant women.  Pregnant women develop ureteral dilation resulting in increased urinary stasis and ureterovesical reflux due to increased progesterone level and the pressure of gravid uterus on the bladder. The classical Lakshanas of Mutrakricchra like frequent micturition, difficulty during micturition, burning sensation during micturition are similar to the signs and symptoms of Urinary tract infection. Shatavari Ksheerapaka has been mentioned in Sahasrayogam for the management of Mutrakricchra.  Shatavari is Sheeta in Virya, acts as a diuretic and helps in the reduction of Mutrakricchra symptoms. According to Bhavprakash Nighantu, Sita is Ruchikara and Ksheera is Rasayana. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Shatavari Ksheerapaka in Garbhini Mutrakricchra w.s.r UTI in Pregnancy. Method: It is a controlled clinical study of two groups consisting 15 patient each in control and trial group. Conclusion: Shatavari Ksheerapaka and Trinapanchmoola Ksheerapaka both are equally effective in treating the Garbhini Mutrakricchra w.s.r. UTI in Pregnancy

Link Quality Driven Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) routing protocols are used to discover routes between a source-destination pair. The traditional routing protocols in MANETs discovery routes based on the shortest hop count metric due to which the routes selected for data transmission may be of low quality. A link on a selected route is low considered as low quality link if it requires more number of re-transmissions to transmit a data packet to next hop. This can be happen due to interference and contention on the link caused by nearby data sessions of high distance between the communication nodes which weakens the signal strength due to which the probability of frame error rate increases. Therefore, we require a routing protocol which uses a route discovery process which is based on other metrics than the shortest hop count to improve the communication process in wireless MANETs. In this thesis, we propose a multipath route discovery algorithm which considers the quality of an intermediate link as a metric for its inclusion in the possible routes selected between a source-destination pair. We can now use the secondary route without causing a new route discovery process due to this the network overhead caused by a route discovery process will be avoided. This increases the network communication performance greatly. The proposed LQMR routing protocol is implemented in the trail version of network simulator called EXata. The simulation results are taken on various network scenarios which are created with varying network loads and network mobility to check the effectiveness of our proposed method. Various performance metrics are used to evaluate the simulation results obtained such as end-to-end network delay, network routing overhead and packet delivery ratio. The performance metrics evaluation and analysis show that the proposed LQMR protocol greatly improves the performance of data transmission in MANETs while effectively handle the topology changes caused by the network mobility

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON CONCEPT OF AGNI IN AYURVEDA AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Health is the state of mentally and physically well being. According to Ayurveda, when Dosha, Dhatu and Mala are in Sama awastha and Indriya, Aatma, Mann all are working properly then the person is considered as Swastha. For Dosha, Dhatu and Mala to be in the state of proportionality Agni should be normal (Samagni). Agni consist digestive (Pak) and different kinds of hormones, enzyme and co enzymes activities etc. which participate in digestive & metabolic functions. It is believed to be the agency for various types of metabolic transformations. During each and every second various procedure of transformations take place inside the human body. Enumeration of Agni varies in various classical Ayurvedic texts. According to various functions and site of action, Agni has been divided into 13 types, i.e. one Jatharagni, five Bhutagni and seven Dhatvagni. Jatharagni is the most important one, which digests four types of food and transforms it into Rasa and Mala. Ayurveda consider that no disease ever be develop without the derangement of Agni. Therefore in the management of each and every disease, Agni gets primary focus. Though in Ayurvedic literature, a detailed explanation of Agni is available but there is lack of its practical utility. So, this paper is a sincere effort to elaborate the practical utility of Agni

Identify and Handling of Risk Analysis by Parallelism

Software industry have its own values in the economic growth of a country. The scenario of this field in the India is also not a small part of the whole. As per the trends India shares almost 20 % of the world2019;s software economy. The tactics and development processes for the software industries always requires a certain amount of improvements and certainty to achieve the target. There can be multiple factors which can affect the development process. In this research paper I am showing a much critical problem of risk handling there resolution. There are various models and methods which we can follow for calculate statically but that is not enough. If we really want to optimize the results as well as the success certainty we should improvise our traditional procedures. In the later part of this paper a short improvisation of my side over the traditional one is shown. This method improves our predictability about risks as well as the rectification of that problems